Soils & Materials

Material roles matter as much as surface levels. Growing medium, structural fill and pavement aggregate should not be treated as interchangeable simply because all can be moved by a scraper. The preparation and acceptance method must follow the intended layer.

14 guides shown

• Clay Soil Grading

  Clay grading depends strongly on working condition.

• Hard Clay Grading

  Hard clay can demand a preparation step before controlled redistribution.

• Loam Soil Grading

  Loam grading should protect the productive surface while correcting the broad level relationship.

• Sandy Soil Grading

  Sandy material can shift during travel, discharge and repeated traffic.

• Agricultural Soil Redistribution

  Agricultural soil redistribution is useful when productive material can move from a confirmed surplus to a confirmed deficit without damaging the soil profile.

• Topsoil Grading

  Topsoil grading controls the growing medium over an underlying formation.

• Root-Affected Soil

  Root-affected soil can contain retained tree roots, removed vegetation debris or remnants of a crop.

• Dry Soil Grading

  Dry-soil grading can increase dust and produce hard clods or loose material depending on the soil.

• Moist Soil Grading

  Moist soil may be workable, but excessive moisture can lead to rutting and deformation.

• Fill Material Distribution

  Fill distribution should preserve material identity and permit the required layer preparation.

• Gravel Distribution

  Gravel distribution needs an accepted supporting surface and an appropriate aggregate specification.

• Crushed-Rock Preparation

  Crushed-rock preparation concerns a specified material layer.

• Turf Underlay Preparation

  Turf underlay needs a consistent growing layer over a correctly formed base.

• Working Soil Clods

  Working soil clods means deciding how to prepare material before its final placement.